I.
Chapter 27. Reproductive System
a)
Function
b)
Characteristics (Fig 27.4)
(1)
Paired oval glands 2" long, 1" thick
(2)
Covered by tunica albuGINea ‑ dense white
fibrous CT
(a)
Divided by TA into lobules
c)
Blood supply ‑ testicular artery from
abdominal aorta; drainage ‑ L&R testicular
d)
Blood‑testis barrier ‑ formed by
basement mem, sertoli cells; important because it protects sperm from immune
system
a)
Rete testis ‑ network of ducts ‑ receive
sperm from seminiferous tubules and straight tubule (Fig 27.4)
b)
Efferent ducts ‑ coiled tubes which
transport sperm out of testis
c)
Epididymis ‑ on post border of each
testis, receives sperm form efferent ducts (Fig 27.7)
d)
Vas deferens (Fig 27.8)
e)
Ejaculatory duct
4.
Accessory Glands ‑ secrete liquid portion
of semen (Fig 27.7,
27.8)
a)
Seminal vesicles: 60% of semen, prostaglandins,
clotting factors, fructose.
b)
Prostate gland: acidic prostatic fluid,
seminalplasmin (antibiotic).
c)
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands: alkaline mucus
5.
External Genitalia (Fig 27.9)
a)
Penis ‑ used to introduce semen into the
vagina
b)
1) Glans ‑ distal portion, slightly
enlarged
c)
2) Prepuce (foreskin) ‑ loose covering of
glans, lost during circumcision.
d)
3) Three cylindrical masses
(1)
Corpus cavernosae (2) ‑ located
dorsolaterally
(2)
Corpus spongiosum (1) ‑ located
midventrally
(3)
All three are spongelike w/ blood sinuses. With sexual stimulation:
(a)
Blood vessels dilate
(b)
Sinuses fill w/ blood
(c)
Veins draining penis are compressed & closed
‑ no blood can leave
(d)
Erection of penis results from these vascular
changes.
(e)
Constriction of arteries reverses the process
& penis returns to flaccid state.
B.
Female
1.
Four components (Fig 27.10)
a)
Gonads ‑ ovaries; primary sex organs, produce the
ova (sing: ovum).
b)
Ducts ‑ fallopian (uterine) tube
c)
Accessory organs ‑ uterus, vagina
d)
External genitalia
2.
Gonads (ovaries; Fig
27.11,
27.12)
a)
Function
b)
Characteristics
c)
Components
d)
Blood Supply, Drainage
(1)
Arteries
(2)
Veins
3.
Ducts
a)
Fallopian (uterine) tubes (Fig 27.14)
b)
Histology ‑ three layers
(1)
Mucosa ‑ ciliated columnar epithelium
(2)
Muscularis ‑ thick circ, thin
long. smooth muscle layers.
(3)
Serous membrane (CT).
4.
Accessory Structures
(1)
Characteristics
(2)
Composition ‑ 3 subdivisions
(3)
Ligaments ‑ maintain position of uterus.
(a)
Broad ligaments ‑ folds of parietal peritoneum;
attach to uterus
(b)
Uterosacral ligaments ‑ connect uterus to sacrum.
(c)
Cardinal ligaments ‑ main supporting ligaments
(d)
Round ligament ‑ attaches anteriorly
(4)
Uterine Histology (Fig 27.16)
(a)
Endometrium ‑ mucous membrane
(b)
Myometrium ‑ smooth muscle,
major portion of uterus wall.
(c)
Serous layer ‑ outer layer CT.
5.
Menstrual/Ovarian cycle
a)
Hormones
b)
Hypothalamus ‑ Ant pituitary
(1)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone ‑>
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
(2)
GRH ‑> Luteinizing hormone (LH; from
ant pituitary)
c)
Estrogens
d)
Progesterone
e)
Relaxin ‑ relaxes symphysis pubis, helps
dilate uterine cervix, inc. sperm
f)
Menstrual Phase (menses)
g)
Preovulatory Phase
h)
Ovulation
i)
Postovulatory Phase
j)
Vagina
6.
External Genitalia: Vulva ‑ general term for
female external genitalia (Fig 27.20)
a)
Mons pubis ‑ elevation of
adipose tissure above the symphysis pubis.
b)
Labia majora ‑ two longitudinal folds of skin
extending from either side of
(1)
Homologous to male scrotum
c)
Labia minora ‑ medial to labia majora, skinfolds
d)
Clitoris ‑ cylindrical mass of erectile tissue,
nerves
e)
Vestibule ‑ area within the labia minora
f)
Vestibular glands
7.
Mammary Glands (Fig 27.21)
a)
Modified sudoriferous glands.
b)
15‑20 lobes, broken down into
lobules.
c)
Cooper's (suspensory) ligaments
d)
Lactation
