HIVES:
Frequently Asked Questions
By Dr. Robin Zuckerman
(Editor's Note: Hives and the treatment for hives is a frequent topic on the Boxer Mailing List. Dr. Robin Zuckerman, a BML member in emergency veterinary practice in Portsmouth , NH sees hives on a regular basis. Thanks to Robin for sharing her experience and knowledge with the BML!)* WHAT ARE HIVES?
Hives are bumps on the skin that are usually itchy and swollen. They range from nickel to quarter sized lesions and can be found any where on the body.
* WHAT CAUSES HIVES?
Frequently, hives are caused by immune reactions. There are 4 types of immune related reactions and two of them can manifest with hives as part of the clinical picture. The most common allergic reaction is caused by the interaction of histamine from mast cells and a class of immune globulins called IgE.
* ARE HIVES DANGEROUS TO MY BOXER?
The general health of the animal is not generally affected. However, certain side effects of the hives can cause secondary problems. If extremely itchy, the dog can traumatize itself by scratching and licking.
* CAN HIVES LEAD TO MORE SERIOUS PROBLEMS?
When hives are seen as part of an anaphylactic allergic reaction, there is occasionally swelling of the throat area involving the laryngeal and pharyngeal area. If not treated immediately, this reaction can be fatal.
* HOW ARE HIVES TREATED?
The treatment for hives is generally symptomatic. Benadryl is not useful for hives that are already present, but is effective in preventing further reactions. Some of the side effects of Benadryl include drowsiness and lethargy. Frequently, steroids or epinephrine are also needed to combat allergic reactions that are already happening.
* HOW CAN I PREVENT HIVES?
This is dependent on the cause. Anything from food allergies, contact allergies, insect stings, heat, cold, drugs, and vaccinations can cause hives. It is really difficult to determine the cause of the hives. If you see an occasional case of the hives, this is not a matter for concern. If you see frequent recurrences of hives, then allergy testing and possibly biopsy should be considered to try to find the cause of the hives.
* WHY DOES MY BOXER SEEM TO GET HIVES MORE THAN LONG-HAIRED DOGS?
It is possible that many long haired dogs are getting hives and we as owners and veterinarians never see them because they are covered. Even a small bump on a boxer body will show up easily because of the short and shiny coat.
* WHAT TYPE OF TESTING CAN BE DONE TO CHECK FOR THE CAUSE OF HIVES?
A general physical exam can check for external parasites such as fleas or ticks. A thorough examination of the living area can check for stinging and biting insects or plants that could cause the reaction. Food elimination tests can be used to check for food allergy. Skin testing can be used to check for inhalant allergies. Proximity of hive formation in reference to vaccinations would be suggestive of a reaction to the allergens in the medications.
* SHOULD I TAKE MY BOXER DOG TO THE VETERINARIAN IF I SEE HIVES?
In general, it would be a good idea to start some oral Benadryl and see your DVM. The Benadryl cannot treat hives that are already there, but will help to prevent further hives from forming. From a medical standpoint, there is no way of telling if an allergic reaction will lead to a swelling of the airway. While very rare, this throat swelling is very dangerous and must be addressed at once.
* WHAT DOSE OF BENADRYL SHOULD I GIVE MY DOG?
Doses of Benadryl ranging from 1/2 to 1 mg per pound could be used. If your dog suffers from chronic hive formation and you cannot determine the cause, the consistent use of antihistamine therapy is a reasonable treatment. Your veterinarian can help you determine which antihistamines would be best for you.
Copyright July, 1998 Robin Zuckerman, DVM and the Boxer Mailing List
